Michael, who is quite familiar with birds, sees an airplane for the first time and calls it a “bird.” Jean Piaget, Michael is exhibiting:

a.Conservation


b.Accommodation


c.Reciprocal determinism


d.Assimilation

2 The period of the zygote lasts about _____, beginning with _____.

a.3 months; fertilization


b.2 weeks; fertilization


c.2 weeks; implantation


d.3 months; implantation

3. According to ecological systems theory, the behaviors of each family member affect those of othrs. This represents the concept of _____ influences.

a.Bidirectional


b.Learned


c.Predetermined


d.Universal


4 Which of the following terms represent ideas by Piaget

a.Schemes


b.Assimilation


c.All of the above


d.Accommodation


5 Theories who believe the child to be a passive reactor to the environment are called:

a.Naturalistic


b.Mechanistic


c.Dynamic


d.Organismic


6 (3 points) The period of the embryo last from the ____ week through the _____ week of pregnancy

a.third; tenth


b.first; third


c.second; eight


d.fourth; twelfth


7 (3 points) ______ is the process by which the DNA ladder splits down the middle, replicating itself when each base pairs up with a new mate from the cytoplasm of the cell

a.Natural selection


b.Meiosis


c.Crossing over


d.Mitosis


8 (3 points) Which of the following terms are not characteristic of information processing theory?

Memory


Menarche


Attention


Thinking


9 (3 points) ______ represents the union between the sperm and the egg

scheme


zygote


teratogens


none of the above


10 (3 points) _____ are developmental characteristics that one can directly observe

Latents


None of the above


Phenotype


Genotype


11 (3 points) Which items represent mental strategies noted in information processing theory?

Elaboration


All of the above


Rehearsal


Organization


12 (3 points) Most babies born to mothers who used cocaine regularly during pregnancy

Came into the world drug addicted


Have abnormally low pitched and dull cries


Are extremely placid and calm


Survived only a few days


13 (3 points) Wanda, who is pregnant, lives in an old apartment building where multiple layers of paint are flaking off the walls. To protect her baby, Wanda should have the paint tested for

Mercury


Lead


Phosphorous


Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)


14 (3 points) Qualitative changes involve

None of the above


Both


Amount


Type or kind


15 (3 points) Which of the following stages relate to Freud

Oral, Anal


None of the above


trust vs mistrust, Autonomy vs shame


Sensorimotor, Preoperational


16 (3 points) Amniotic fluid

Produces blood cells until the developing liver, spleen, and bone marrow are mature enough to take over this function


Separates the mother’s bloodstream from the embryo or fetal bloodstream


Provides a protective cover and nourishment to the prenatal organism


Helps keep the temperature constant


17 (3 points) In Erikson’s model, what is critical in promoting healthy personality developmental?

Sex


Tabula Rasa


Crisis


Cognitive


18 (3 points) Teenage mothers are at greater risk than older mothers for prenatal complications because

The risky behavior of many teenagers causes chromosomal abnormalities in their babies


Most teenagers reproductive organs are not yet mature enough to support a pregnancy


Many pregnant teenager do not receive adequate prenatal care


The egg cells or ovum of teenagers are not yet mature enough to successfully unite with the father’s sperm cells


19 (3 points) Which of the following represent Piaget’s stages

Oral, anal phallic, latency, genital


Trust, autonomy, initiative, industry, identity


Id, ego, superego


sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational


20 (3 points) Which of the following statements represent what is generally believed by social scientists?

People help shape their own development


Humans are resilient


All of the above


Knowledge is useful


21 (3 points) Autosomes

Are the 22 matching chromosome pairs in each human cell


Are the 23rd pair of chromosomes


Determine the sex of the child


Contain the sex chromosomes





23 (3 points) Chromosomes

Store and transmit genetic information


Always come in XY pairs


Are inherited from the mother only


Are located outside of the cell nucleus


24 (3 points) In which Piagetian stage of development do infants “think” by acting on the world with their eyes, ears, and hands?

Operational


Sensorimotor


Preoperational


Preformal


25 (3 points) Which of the following represents Freud’s contribution to human development?

All behavior is motivated by unconscious dynamics


Sexuality is a major motivating force in human behavior


Industry vs Inferiority


Errors and other unintended behaviors have symbolic meanings


26 (3 points) Your friend is a healthy woman over the age of 35 who is thinking of having her first child. You can tell her that

She is more likely than a woman in her twenties to have a baby born with chromosomal defects


She is likely to have more prenatal complications than a woman in her twenties


She is likely to have a longer and more difficult labor than younger women


Her baby is more likely than a younger woman’s baby to be low birth weight


27 (3 points) The most well-known effect of smoking during the prenatal period is

Childhood lung cancer


respiratory distress


low birth weight


allergies


28 (3 points) An expectant mother who ensures that her meat is well cooked and has other family members change the cat’s litter box is trying to avoid

rubella


cytomegalovirus


polychlorinated biphenyls


toxoplasmosis


29 (3 points) _____ refers to a limited time span during which a part of the body or a behavior is biologically prepared to develop rapidly and is especially sensitive to its surroundings

range of reaction


a sensitive period


canalization


the age of viability


30 (3 points) A ______ refers to any environmental agent that causes damage during the prenatal period

Pollutant


Chemical hazard


Toxin


Teratogen


31 (3 points) According to Erikson, a combination of adult expectations and children’s drive towards mastery creates what stage of development?

Initiative vs. Guilt


Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt


Trust vs. Mistrust


Industry vs. Inferiority